Lime

Lime

Fresh citrus with aromatic zest

Fruits

Citrus × aurantiifolia

Origin: Southeast Asia (likely Indonesia/Malaysia), now cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide

#vitamin-c#kidney-health#citrate#low-glycemic#immune-support

✔ Fat-free✔ Low sugar✔ Low sodium

What is this ingredient?

Limes are smaller, often intensely aromatic citrus fruits used in many cuisines for freshness, acidity and fragrant zest. They resemble lemons, but have their own green, herbal citrus profile.

## Citrate and citrus acids

Lime juice contains citric acid and citrate. In nutrition research, citrus acids are studied, among other topics, in relation to urine composition and mineral absorption from meals. For personal advice about kidney stones or kidney problems, medical guidance is important.

## Peel, juice and culinary use

The peel contains aromatic oils such as limonene, while the juice is mainly acidic and fresh. Use the zest of organic limes in dressings, marinades and desserts, and preferably add the juice at the end to preserve its fresh flavor.

How does it taste?

Sharply citrus-fresh and aromatic with bitter zest notes.

Pairs well with:

Pairs well with cilantrochilicoconutfish and avocado.

Varieties

Persian Lime (Tahiti)

Most sold variety, larger, seedless, dark green

Key Lime (Mexican Lime)

Smaller, more tart, more aromatic, with seeds

Kaffir Lime (Makrut)

Asian variety with bumpy peel; the leaves are often used in cooking

Did you know...?
  • Limes are used more often than lemons in tropical countries because they grow better in warm climates.
  • The lime probably originated in Southeast Asia as a cross between citron and papeda.

Nutritional Value & Energy

Per 100g

Lime is low in calories thanks to natural nutrients , buffered by fiber.

30 kcal (126 kJ)
22 GI (Low)
2 GL (Low)
2.8g Fiber

0.7gProtein
10.5gCarbs
0.2gFat
1.7gSugar
2mgSodium

Per 100g

Minerals

0.6mg Iron 3mg Calcium 0.1mg Zinc 1mg Magnesium 102mg Potassium 1mcg Iodine 0.4mcg Selenium

Vitamins

2mcg Vitamin A 0.04mg Vitamin B6 0.0mcg Vitamin B12 32mg Vitamin C 0.0mcg Vitamin D 0.2mg Vitamin E 1mcg Vitamin K 8mcg Folate

Omega-3 fatty acids

0mg DHA 0mg EPA
More nutrients

B-Vitamins

0.03mg Thiamin (B1) 0.02mg Riboflavin (B2) 0.2mg Niacin (B3) 0.22mg Pantothenic Acid (B5)

Trace Minerals

0.07mg Copper 0.01mg Manganese 18mg Phosphorus

Low GI means blood sugar doesn't spike quickly.

Low GL means minimal impact on your blood sugar per serving.

What's in a serving?

1 serving

Folate a little 6%
Iron a little 6%
Potassium a little 8%
Vitamin C very much 60%

Lime naturally contains vitamin C (32 mg per 100 g).

% of daily reference intake (DRI)

EU-approved nutrition claims
✔ EFSA claims via nutrients

This ingredient contains nutrients for which EFSA-authorized health claims exist (at nutrient level, not ingredient-specific).

Approved health claims (EU)

Vitamin_c EU 432/2012

Vitamin C contributes to the normal function of the immune system

Contains 32mg/100g (threshold: ≥12mg/100g)

Vitamin_c EU 432/2012

Vitamin C contributes to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue

Contains 32mg/100g (threshold: ≥12mg/100g)

Vitamin_c EU 432/2012

Vitamin C contributes to normal collagen formation for the normal function of skin

Contains 32mg/100g (threshold: ≥12mg/100g)

Vitamin_c EU 432/2012

Vitamin C contributes to normal collagen formation for the normal function of blood vessels

Contains 32mg/100g (threshold: ≥12mg/100g)

Vitamin_c EU 432/2012

Vitamin C contributes to normal collagen formation for the normal function of bones

Contains 32mg/100g (threshold: ≥12mg/100g)

Vitamin_c EU 432/2012

Vitamin C contributes to normal collagen formation for the normal function of cartilage

Contains 32mg/100g (threshold: ≥12mg/100g)

Vitamin_c EU 432/2012

Vitamin C contributes to normal collagen formation for the normal function of gums

Contains 32mg/100g (threshold: ≥12mg/100g)

Vitamin_c EU 432/2012

Vitamin C contributes to normal collagen formation for the normal function of teeth

Contains 32mg/100g (threshold: ≥12mg/100g)

Vitamin_c EU 432/2012

Vitamin C contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism

Contains 32mg/100g (threshold: ≥12mg/100g)

Vitamin_c EU 432/2012

Vitamin C contributes to normal functioning of the nervous system

Contains 32mg/100g (threshold: ≥12mg/100g)

Vitamin_c EU 432/2012

Vitamin C contributes to normal psychological function

Contains 32mg/100g (threshold: ≥12mg/100g)

Vitamin_c EU 432/2012

Vitamin C contributes to the protection of cells from oxidative stress

Contains 32mg/100g (threshold: ≥12mg/100g)

Vitamin_c EU 432/2012

Vitamin C contributes to the regeneration of the reduced form of vitamin E

Contains 32mg/100g (threshold: ≥12mg/100g)

Vitamin_c EU 432/2012

Vitamin C increases iron absorption

Contains 32mg/100g (threshold: ≥12mg/100g)

Vitamin_c EU 432/2012

Vitamin C contributes to maintain the normal function of the immune system during and after intense physical exercise

Contains 32mg/100g (threshold: ≥12mg/100g)

What's being researched?
Other

Flavonoids and vitamin C

The combination of flavonoids and vitamin C in lime is studied in nutrition and laboratory research. Vitamin C has authorized EFSA claims, including contributing to the protection of cells from oxidative stress and increasing iron absorption.

Supported by: [3] Teucher B (2004)

Other

Essential oils and microorganisms in laboratory research

Essential oils in lime peel are mainly studied in laboratory research in relation to microorganisms. Such findings are interesting for food technology, but they do not automatically mean a health benefit from normal consumption.

Supported by: [2] Munir H (2024)

Good Combinations (Synergy)

Combine lime smartly to enhance the effect:

Activation
Lime Lime Aji Amarillo Aji Amarillo

Vitamin C increases capsaicin bioavailability

Technical: Aji amarillo contains capsaicin and beta-carotene (the orange color). Lime provides vitamin C acting as antioxidant protecting capsaicin from oxidation and increasing beta-carotene absorption through reduction. Cilantro adds linalool with bioactive properties. Base of Peruvian ceviche sauces.

What does this mean for you? Combine aji amarillo with lime and cilantro in Peruvian dishes. The lime protects the healthy compounds in the pepper and helps you absorb them better.

Absorption 5×
Lime Lime Beluga Lentils Beluga Lentils

Citrus significantly increases iron absorption from beluga lentils

Technical: Beluga lentils contain 8mg iron per 100g (cooked), more than other lentils. Lemon (53mg vitamin C) and lime (29mg) reduce Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ for better absorption.

What does this mean for you? Make beluga lentil salad with lemon dressing for maximum iron absorption. Perfect for vegetarians.

Absorption 4×
Lime Lime Dragon Fruit (Pitaya) Dragon Fruit (Pitaya)

Vitamin C from lime increases iron absorption from dragon fruit

Technical: Dragon fruit (red variety, Hylocereus costaricensis) contains 1.9mg non-heme iron per 100g — high for a fruit. This iron is in Fe³⁺ form with low bioavailability (2-10%). Vitamin C from lime (29mg per 100g) reduces Fe³⁺ to absorbable Fe²⁺ and forms chelates bypassing phytate binding. Studies show 3-6x higher absorption.

What does this mean for you? Sprinkle dragon fruit with lime juice — not just for exotic flavor but also to make the iron available. Particularly valuable for vegetarians and vegans who need plant-based iron.

Absorption
Lime Lime Shrimp Shrimp

Better iron absorption from shellfish

Technical: Shrimp contain 2mg iron per 100g, mainly as heme iron (well absorbed) plus some non-heme iron. Lemon provides 53mg vitamin C per 100g that reduces non-heme iron from Fe³⁺ to the more absorbable Fe²⁺. Additionally, citric acid promotes absorption by chelating minerals, which also improves uptake of zinc (1.6mg) and selenium (38μg) from shrimp.

What does this mean for you? Sprinkle your shrimp with lemon or lime juice. This works in cocktail sauces, ceviche, pad thai and shrimp soup. The citrus not only freshens the flavor but also increases your mineral absorption.

Synergy
Lime Lime Honey Honey

Honey enzymes + vitamin C for dual immune support

Technical: Honey's glucose oxidase generates hydrogen peroxide with bioactive action. Lime's vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a powerful antioxidant that directly supports immune cells. Together they provide both direct bioactive action and immune cell activation.

What does this mean for you? Honey-lime drink is a classic combination for good reason — it works through two different pathways for your immune support.

Absorption
Lime Lime Sticky Rice Sticky Rice

Citrus improves mineral absorption from sticky rice

Technical: Sticky rice contains magnesium and iron but also phytates. Citric acid chelates minerals and overcomes phytate inhibition.

What does this mean for you? Sprinkle sticky rice with lime (as in Thai dishes) or serve with citrus salad.

Synergy
Lime Lime Garlic Powder Garlic Powder

Antioxidants from garlic and lemon

Technical: Garlic's organosulfur compounds and lemon's vitamin C (53mg/100g) work synergistically as antioxidants. Lemon provides vitamin C, which contributes to the normal function of the immune system (EFSA).

What does this mean for you? Make garlic-lemon dressing or add both to marinades for maximum flavor and antioxidant absorption.

Protection
Lime Lime Avocado Avocado

Lime juice prevents oxidation of avocado

Technical: Avocado's high unsaturated fat content (oleic acid, 10g per 100g) makes it vulnerable to oxidation upon air exposure. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) oxidizes phenolic compounds into brown melanins. Lime's vitamin C (29mg per 100g) and citric acid work as double protection: vitamin C reduces quinones back, citric acid lowers pH below PPO optimum (pH 5-7), inhibiting the enzyme.

What does this mean for you? Squeeze lime over your avocado in poke bowls, guacamole or salads. The classic Mexican combination protects both color and nutritional value. Lime works slightly milder than lemon but equally effective.

Absorption
Lime Lime Olive Oil Olive Oil

Vitamin C + olive oil fats for iron absorption and antioxidant action

Technical: Lime's vitamin C (ascorbic acid) improves absorption of non-heme iron from plant sources. Olive oil's fat-soluble polyphenols (hydroxytyrosol) are better absorbed in combination with vitamin C, which acts as an antioxidant keeping the polyphenols stable.

What does this mean for you? Lime-olive oil dressing is a classic combination that helps your body absorb more iron and antioxidants from your salad.

Protection
Lime Lime Mango Mango

Vitamin C protects beta-carotene from oxidation

Technical: Mango is rich in beta-carotene (640μg/100g) and other carotenoids that are sensitive to oxidation. Vitamin C from citrus fruits (lime: 29mg, lemon: 53mg per 100g) acts as an antioxidant and protects these carotenoids. Additionally, the acidic environment increases stability.

What does this mean for you? Sprinkle fresh mango with lime or lemon juice. This preserves not only the color but also the nutritional value. Perfect in smoothies, salsas or fruit salads.

Absorption 3×
Lime Lime Mung Beans Mung Beans

Citrus significantly increases iron absorption from mung beans

Citrus vitamin C improves iron absorption from plant sources (PMID: 2507689)

Technical: Mung beans are 'light' legumes with 1.4mg non-heme iron per 100g. Lemon (53mg vitamin C) and lime (29mg) convert the poorly absorbable Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺. This effect is cumulative with mung beans' low glycemic index (GI 31) — you get stable energy AND better mineral absorption.

What does this mean for you? Squeeze half a lemon or lime over your mung bean dish just before serving. This works perfectly in Asian dishes where mung beans are common.

Synergy
Lime Lime Mint Mint

Refreshing biotransformation combination

Technical: Mint promotes bile flow and digestive enzyme activity. Lemon/lime contains citric acid supporting biotransformation and vitamin C for immune function. Together they enhance biotransformation capacity.

What does this mean for you? Mint water with lemon is a simple but delicious combination. Drink it in the morning for good hydration — the mint promotes your digestion, the lemon adds vitamin C.

Absorption 4×
Lime Lime Quinoa Quinoa

Vitamin C increases iron absorption from quinoa by 3-6x

Technical: Quinoa contains 1.5mg non-heme iron per 100g cooked. Non-heme iron has low bioavailability (5-12%). Vitamin C from lemon (53mg/100g) reduces Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ and prevents phytate binding, increasing absorption 3-6x. This is the basis of tabbouleh-style quinoa salads.

What does this mean for you? Make quinoa tabbouleh with fresh lemon juice, parsley, tomato and cucumber. The lemon juice not only makes it fresher but also maximizes iron absorption.

Absorption 5×
Lime Lime Spirulina Spirulina

Vitamin C increases iron absorption from spirulina up to 6x

Vitamin C significantly increases non-heme iron absorption (PMID: 2507689)

Technical: Spirulina is one of the richest plant-based iron sources (28mg per 100g, 158% RDI). This is non-heme iron with low bioavailability (5-12%). Vitamin C from citrus reduces Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ and prevents phytate binding, increasing absorption by 3-6x.

What does this mean for you? Always add lemon juice to your spirulina smoothie or mix spirulina in a citrus-based dressing. This makes the difference between 'taking spirulina' and 'actually utilizing spirulina'.

Absorption 1.5×
Lime Lime Tuna Tuna

Vitamin C improves selenium absorption and protects omega-3

Technical: Tuna contains 80μg selenium per 100g (145% RDI) — one of the richest selenium sources. Selenium is incorporated into selenoproteins (glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase). Vitamin C from lemon promotes selenium uptake and protects the omega-3 fatty acids (0.5-1.5g per 100g, depending on tuna species) from peroxidation. Vitamin C also contributes to the normal function of the immune system (EFSA-approved).

What does this mean for you? Always drizzle tuna with lemon juice. The lemon helps your body absorb more selenium and keeps omega-3 intact. Ideal in poke bowls, tataki or simple tuna salad.

Absorption 5×
Lime Lime Fava Beans Fava Beans

Vitamin C increases iron absorption from fava beans up to 6x

Technical: Fava beans contain 1.7mg iron per 100g (cooked). Lemon (53mg vitamin C) reduces Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ and forms chelates that bypass phytate inhibition.

What does this mean for you? Sprinkle fava beans with lemon juice or serve with lemon wedges. Classic in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern dishes.

Synergy
Lime Lime Fish Sauce Fish Sauce

Umami + acid for perfect Thai balance

Technical: Fish sauce contains free glutamate (umami) from prolonged fish fermentation. Lime contains citric acid that lowers pH and enhances umami flavor perception. Citric acid also stimulates saliva and gastric acid production, improving protein digestion from the dish.

What does this mean for you? Combine fish sauce with lime as base for Thai dressings and dipping sauces. The acid from lime intensifies the umami from fish sauce — the core of Thai cuisine.

Complementary
Lime Lime White Fish White Fish

Increased iron absorption from lean fish

Technical: White fish (cod, haddock, tilapia) contains 0.3-1mg non-heme iron per 100g — lower than fatty fish but with 18-20g high-quality protein. Vitamin C from lemon (53mg per 100g) increases absorption of this non-heme iron through Fe³⁺ → Fe²⁺ reduction. The citric acid also activates pepsin and improves protein digestion in the stomach.

What does this mean for you? Sprinkle your white fish with lemon juice before serving. Think fish & chips with lemon, ceviche with lime, or fried plaice with lemon wedges. It makes the fish easier to digest and you absorb more iron.

Recipes with Lime

Discover delicious recipes featuring lime:

Watermelon Mint Agua Fresca 5 min Mexican refreshing fruit drink with watermelon and mint 110 kcal 2g protein 1 synergies Asian Sesame-Soba Noodle Salad with Edamame 25 min Cold noodle salad with sesame dressing and edamame 751 kcal 31g protein 1 synergies Beetroot Chips with Cumin 40 min Deep-purple oven chips of beetroot with ground cumin and lime zest 95 kcal 2g protein 2 synergies Kale Tofu Curry with Ginger 40 min Creamy curry with crisp tofu and coconut 365 kcal 16g protein 3 synergies Brazilian Moqueca with White Fish 45 min Creamy coconut fish stew with bell peppers, tomato and lime 420 kcal 32g protein 2 synergies Deluxe Healthy Sandwich with Chicken and Avocado 30 min Dutch healthy sandwich with chicken, avocado and egg 764 kcal 54g protein 2 synergies
In the Kitchen

Storage

Location:Pantry

Shelf life:1 week (kamertemperatuur), 2-3 weken (koelkast)

Limes keep longest in the refrigerator, but often yield more juice at room temperature. Roll the lime firmly on the counter before squeezing. Zest before cutting and freeze the zest if desired for later use.

Preparation

Use lime juice raw or add it only at the end for a fresh flavor. Zest from organic peel adds aroma to dressings, marinades and desserts; avoid the bitter white pith. Pair lime with plant iron sources such as legumes or leafy greens, because vitamin C increases iron absorption.

Conversions

67g= 1 cup 60g= 1 piece

Substitutes

citroen 1:1 Slightly less floral and rounder in flavor

Smart preparation

1Roll a lime with pressure on the counter for maximum juice.

2Zest before cutting; zesting a halved lime is difficult.

3Add lime juice only at the end to cooked dishes.

Why?

Cooking weakens the fresh flavor of lime.

Caution / Warnings

Lime is very safe, but there are scientific considerations:

Acid Reflux / GERD Moderate

The high citric acid content and low pH can worsen reflux symptoms or heartburn in sensitive individuals.

Advice:

Avoid on an empty stomach. Dilute lime juice with water. With severe GERD: avoid it or consult a doctor.

Tooth Enamel Erosion Moderate

Acidic lime juice can temporarily soften tooth enamel with frequent or prolonged contact.

Advice:

Drink diluted lime juice through a straw if useful, rinse with water afterward and wait 30-60 minutes before brushing teeth.

Photodermatitis (Lime Disease) Mild

Furanocoumarins in lime juice, especially in the peel, can make the skin more sensitive to sunlight.

Advice:

Wash hands thoroughly after cutting or squeezing lime and avoid sun exposure on skin that has touched lime juice.

Traditional use

Ayurveda

Ayurvedic culinary use

In Ayurveda, lime is traditionally used in sour, salty and spiced preparations around meals. Lime with salt and ginger appears in traditional culinary practices.

Southeast Asian

Southeast Asian culinary use

In Southeast Asia, lime has been used for centuries as a flavoring in soups, curries, salads, sauces and drinks.

Summary

Lime adds a lot of freshness with little energy and sugar. The juice contains citric acid and vitamin C; vitamin C increases iron absorption, making lime a good match for plant-based, iron-rich meals such as legumes or leafy greens. Because of its low pH, caution is sensible for tooth enamel and reflux: dilute the juice, rinse with water afterward and wait before brushing teeth.

Scientific Sources [1] Penniston, K.L., et al. (2008) Quantitative assessment of citric acid in lemon juice, lime juice, and commercially-available fruit juice products Journal of Endourology Research on citric acid levels in lemon juice, lime juice and commercially available fruit juice products In vitro PMID: 18290732 [2] Munir H, Yaqoob S, Awan KA, et al. (2024) Unveiling the Chemistry of Citrus Peel: Insights into Nutraceutical Potential and Therapeutic Applications. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Research on the safety and potential applications of D-limonene Review PMID: 38890908 [3] Teucher B, Olivares M, Cori H (2004) Enhancers of iron absorption: ascorbic acid and other organic acids. International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition Research on vitamin C and other organic acids in iron absorption Review PMID: 15743017

This information is intended for educational purposes and does not replace medical advice. Consult a doctor or dietitian for personal advice.