Eggs

Eggs

Versatile protein source with vitamin B12, vitamin D, iodine and selenium

Eggs & Dairy

Gallus gallus domesticus (ovum)

Origin: Southeast Asia (domesticated)

#complete-protein#choline#brain-food#breakfast#versatile

✔ High protein✔ High omega-3✔ Low sugar

What is this ingredient?

Eggs are the reproductive cells of birds, usually chickens, and are also a highly versatile culinary ingredient. They consist of shell, white and yolk. The white provides mainly water and high-quality proteins, while the yolk contains fats, choline, carotenoids and several fat-soluble micronutrients.

Per 100 g, eggs provide about 13 g of protein and small amounts of carbohydrates. They naturally contain vitamin B12, vitamin D, vitamin A, folate, iodine and selenium. This makes them useful in breakfasts, salads, baked dishes, sauces, pastries and quick meals.

The yolk gives eggs their creamy taste and yellow color. That color mainly varies with the hen’s feed: more carotenoids in the feed often means a deeper-colored yolk. In cooking, eggs are technically versatile: they can bind, emulsify, hold air in foams and add structure to doughs or batters.

How does it taste?

Mild and creamy with a rich yolk flavor; the texture changes strongly by preparation, from soft-boiled to firmly fried.

Pairs well with:

Pairs well with buttertrufflechivesspinachtomato and toasted bread.

Varieties

Organic / Free-Range

Eggs from hens with outdoor access and organic feed. The yolk may be deeper orange because of carotenoids in the feed; omega-3 content mainly depends on the feed composition.

Omega-3 Enriched

Eggs from hens fed ingredients such as flaxseed or fish oil. They usually contain more omega-3 fatty acids than standard eggs, with variation by producer and feed recipe.

Barn / Standard

Eggs from hens kept indoors in barns without outdoor access. They remain culinarily versatile and nutritious, but yolk color and fatty acid composition can differ from free-range eggs.

Did you know...?
  • A hen needs approximately 24-26 hours to produce one egg.
  • Eggshell color is determined by the chicken breed and has no effect on taste.
  • China produces more than 30% of all eggs worldwide.

Nutritional Value & Energy

Per 100g

Eggs provides energy thanks to natural nutrients .

155 kcal (649 kJ)

13gProtein
1.1gCarbs
11gFat
1.1gSugar
142mgSodium

Per 100g

Minerals

1.8mg Iron 56mg Calcium 1.3mg Zinc 12mg Magnesium 138mg Potassium 52mcg Iodine 30.7mcg Selenium

Vitamins

160mcg Vitamin A 0.10mg Vitamin B6 0.9mcg Vitamin B12 0mg Vitamin C 2.0mcg Vitamin D 1.1mg Vitamin E 0mcg Vitamin K 47mcg Folate

Omega-3 fatty acids

80mg DHA 0mg EPA
More nutrients

B-Vitamins

0.08mg Thiamin (B1) 0.44mg Riboflavin (B2) 0.1mg Niacin (B3) 2.10mg Pantothenic Acid (B5) 23.6mcg Biotin (B7)

Trace Minerals

0.05mg Copper 0.03mg Manganese 172mg Phosphorus

What's in a serving?

1 serving

Iron a little 13%
Calcium a little 7%
Zinc a little 13%
Magnesium a small amount 3%
Potassium a little 7%
Iodine a lot 35%

Eggs naturally contain iodine (52 mcg per 100 g).

Selenium very much 56%

Eggs naturally contain selenium (30.7 mcg per 100 g).

Vitamin A a good amount 20%

Eggs naturally contain vitamin a (160 mcg per 100 g).

Vitamin B12 a lot 36%

Eggs naturally contain vitamin b12 (0.89 mcg per 100 g).

Vitamin D a lot 40%

Eggs naturally contain vitamin d (2 mcg per 100 g).

Vitamin E a little 9%
Folate a good amount 24%

Eggs naturally contain folate (47 mcg per 100 g).

% of daily reference intake (DRI)

EU-approved nutrition claims
✔ EFSA claims via nutrients

This ingredient contains nutrients for which EFSA-authorized health claims exist (at nutrient level, not ingredient-specific).

Approved health claims (EU)

Vitamin_b12 EU 432/2012

Vitamin B12 contributes to the normal function of the immune system

Contains 0.89mcg/100g (threshold: ≥0.375mcg/100g)

Vitamin_b12 EU 432/2012

Vitamin B12 contributes to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue

Contains 0.89mcg/100g (threshold: ≥0.375mcg/100g)

Vitamin_b12 EU 432/2012

Vitamin B12 contributes to the normal functioning of the nervous system

Contains 0.89mcg/100g (threshold: ≥0.375mcg/100g)

Vitamin_d EU 432/2012

Vitamin D contributes to the maintenance of normal bones

Contains 2mcg/100g (threshold: ≥0.75mcg/100g)

Vitamin_d EU 432/2012

Vitamin D contributes to the normal function of the immune system

Contains 2mcg/100g (threshold: ≥0.75mcg/100g)

Folate EU 432/2012

Folate contributes to normal blood formation

Contains 47mcg/100g (threshold: ≥30mcg/100g)

Vitamin_a EU 432/2012

Vitamin A contributes to the normal function of the immune system

Contains 160mcg/100g (threshold: ≥120mcg/100g)

Vitamin_a EU 432/2012

Vitamin A contributes to the maintenance of normal skin

Contains 160mcg/100g (threshold: ≥120mcg/100g)

Vitamin_a EU 432/2012

Vitamin A contributes to the maintenance of normal mucous membranes

Contains 160mcg/100g (threshold: ≥120mcg/100g)

Vitamin_a EU 432/2012

Vitamin A contributes to the maintenance of normal vision

Contains 160mcg/100g (threshold: ≥120mcg/100g)

Vitamin_a EU 432/2012

Vitamin A contributes to normal iron metabolism

Contains 160mcg/100g (threshold: ≥120mcg/100g)

Vitamin_a EU 432/2012

Vitamin A has a role in the process of cell specialisation

Contains 160mcg/100g (threshold: ≥120mcg/100g)

Folate EU 432/2012

Folate contributes to normal amino acid synthesis

Contains 47mcg/100g (threshold: ≥30mcg/100g)

Folate EU 432/2012

Folate contributes to normal homocysteine metabolism

Contains 47mcg/100g (threshold: ≥30mcg/100g)

Folate EU 432/2012

Folate contributes to normal psychological function

Contains 47mcg/100g (threshold: ≥30mcg/100g)

Folate EU 432/2012

Folate contributes to the normal function of the immune system

Contains 47mcg/100g (threshold: ≥30mcg/100g)

Folate EU 432/2012

Folate has a role in the process of cell division

Contains 47mcg/100g (threshold: ≥30mcg/100g)

Folate EU 432/2012

Folate contributes to maternal tissue growth during pregnancy

Contains 47mcg/100g (threshold: ≥30mcg/100g)

Vitamin_b12 EU 432/2012

Vitamin B12 contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism

Contains 0.89mcg/100g (threshold: ≥0.375mcg/100g)

Vitamin_b12 EU 432/2012

Vitamin B12 contributes to normal homocysteine metabolism

Contains 0.89mcg/100g (threshold: ≥0.375mcg/100g)

Vitamin_b12 EU 432/2012

Vitamin B12 contributes to normal psychological function

Contains 0.89mcg/100g (threshold: ≥0.375mcg/100g)

Vitamin_b12 EU 432/2012

Vitamin B12 contributes to normal red blood cell formation

Contains 0.89mcg/100g (threshold: ≥0.375mcg/100g)

Vitamin_b12 EU 432/2012

Vitamin B12 has a role in the process of cell division

Contains 0.89mcg/100g (threshold: ≥0.375mcg/100g)

Vitamin_d EU 432/2012

Vitamin D contributes to normal absorption/utilisation of calcium and phosphorus

Contains 2mcg/100g (threshold: ≥0.75mcg/100g)

Vitamin_d EU 432/2012

Vitamin D contributes to normal blood calcium levels

Contains 2mcg/100g (threshold: ≥0.75mcg/100g)

Vitamin_d EU 432/2012

Vitamin D contributes to the maintenance of normal muscle function

Contains 2mcg/100g (threshold: ≥0.75mcg/100g)

Vitamin_d EU 432/2012

Vitamin D contributes to the maintenance of normal teeth

Contains 2mcg/100g (threshold: ≥0.75mcg/100g)

Vitamin_d EU 432/2012

Vitamin D has a role in the process of cell division

Contains 2mcg/100g (threshold: ≥0.75mcg/100g)

Selenium EU 432/2012

Selenium contributes to the maintenance of normal hair

Contains 30.7mcg/100g (threshold: ≥8.25mcg/100g)

Selenium EU 432/2012

Selenium contributes to the maintenance of normal nails

Contains 30.7mcg/100g (threshold: ≥8.25mcg/100g)

Selenium EU 432/2012

Selenium contributes to the normal function of the immune system

Contains 30.7mcg/100g (threshold: ≥8.25mcg/100g)

Selenium EU 432/2012

Selenium contributes to normal thyroid function

Contains 30.7mcg/100g (threshold: ≥8.25mcg/100g)

Selenium EU 432/2012

Selenium contributes to normal spermatogenesis

Contains 30.7mcg/100g (threshold: ≥8.25mcg/100g)

Selenium EU 432/2012

Selenium contributes to the protection of cells from oxidative stress

Contains 30.7mcg/100g (threshold: ≥8.25mcg/100g)

Iodine EU 432/2012

Iodine contributes to normal cognitive function

Contains 52mcg/100g (threshold: ≥22.5mcg/100g)

Iodine EU 432/2012

Iodine contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism

Contains 52mcg/100g (threshold: ≥22.5mcg/100g)

Iodine EU 432/2012

Iodine contributes to normal functioning of the nervous system

Contains 52mcg/100g (threshold: ≥22.5mcg/100g)

Iodine EU 432/2012

Iodine contributes to the maintenance of normal skin

Contains 52mcg/100g (threshold: ≥22.5mcg/100g)

Iodine EU 432/2012

Iodine contributes to the normal production of thyroid hormones and normal thyroid function

Contains 52mcg/100g (threshold: ≥22.5mcg/100g)

Iodine EU 432/2012

Iodine contributes to the normal growth of children

Contains 52mcg/100g (threshold: ≥22.5mcg/100g)

What's being researched?
Cardiovascular

Eggs and the cholesterol debate

The relationship between egg consumption and cardiovascular risk is a widely discussed topic in nutrition research. Meta-analyses show no consistent increased risk with moderate intake in general populations, but results can differ by study group, dietary pattern and metabolic context.

Supported by: [2] Rong (2013) , [1] Zeisel (2009)

Neuroprotective

Eggs as a choline source

Eggs are studied as a dietary source of choline, a nutrient involved in normal body processes such as cell membranes and neurotransmitter formation. Research mainly looks at intake patterns, nutritional status and associations with cognitive outcomes.

Supported by: [2] Rong (2013)

Good Combinations (Synergy)

Combine eggs smartly to enhance the effect:

Absorption 3×
Eggs Eggs Asparagus Asparagus

3x better absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, E, K

Technical: Asparagus contains 449μg vitamin K per 100g (374% RDI), plus vitamin A (756 IU) and vitamin E (1.1mg). Egg yolk provides 4.5g fat per egg including phospholipids that promote micelle formation, increasing fat-soluble vitamin absorption up to 3x.

What does this mean for you? Asparagus with poached egg isn't just a culinary classic — the yolk is literally needed to absorb asparagus vitamins. Without fat, up to 70% is lost.

Absorption 4×
Eggs Eggs Avocado Oil Avocado Oil

High-heat cooking: increases carotenoid absorption from egg yolk

Technical: Egg yolk contains lutein and zeaxanthin (carotenoids that concentrate in the macula lutea) plus choline. Avocado oil has the highest smoke point (271°C) and contains 70% oleic acid. The extra fat increases carotenoid absorption by 3-5x without damaging the oil at high temperatures. Lutein is the primary macular pigment.

What does this mean for you? Fry eggs in avocado oil for optimal lutein absorption. The high smoke point prevents oil oxidation, while the fat makes carotenoids from egg yolk more absorbable.

Activation
Eggs Eggs Chives Chives

Sulfur compounds support glutathione synthesis

Technical: Chives contain allyl sulfides (organosulfur compounds) that activate glutathione S-transferase. Eggs provide 272mg cysteine per 100g — the rate-limiting factor in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione (GSH) is the main intracellular antioxidant, crucial for phase-II enzymatic processes.

What does this mean for you? Chives on your eggs is more than garnish. Sulfur compounds from chives and cysteine from eggs together form building blocks for glutathione — your body's primary intracellular antioxidant.

Complementary
Eggs Eggs Avocado Avocado

Double dose of healthy fats and choline

Technical: Eggs contain 147mg choline per egg (27% RDA), essential for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (memory and focus). Avocado also provides choline (14mg/100g) plus monounsaturated fat that increases absorption of fat-soluble vitamins from the egg (A, D, E, K). Together they deliver a double choline dose plus optimal vitamin absorption.

What does this mean for you? Eat avocado toast with a fried or poached egg. More choline for your memory, and the avocado fat helps absorb all vitamins from the egg.

Absorption
Eggs Eggs Broccoli Broccoli

Complete meal with all nutrients

Technical: Eggs provide fat, protein and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). Broccoli contains vitamin K1, folate, vitamin C and sulforaphane. Egg fat increases absorption of broccoli's fat-soluble vitamin K1 by 3-5x. Meanwhile broccoli's vitamin C protects iron from the egg against oxidation. A complete nutrient exchange.

What does this mean for you? Scrambled eggs with broccoli is an ideal meal — the egg fat helps absorb vitamins from broccoli, the broccoli adds fiber and vitamin C that the egg lacks.

Synergy
Eggs Eggs Sesame Oil Sesame Oil

Choline + sesamol for brain and liver support

Technical: Eggs contain 147mg choline per egg (27% RDI), essential as precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and for liver metabolism. Sesame oil contains sesamol and sesamin — bioactive lignan antioxidants with membrane-stabilizing properties. The fats in sesame oil also help absorb fat-soluble vitamins from eggs.

What does this mean for you? Fry your eggs in sesame oil for Asian dishes like tamagoyaki. The nutty flavor combines perfectly and the bioactive compounds complement each other.

Absorption
Eggs Eggs Spinach Spinach

Increases vitamin E absorption by factor 4-7

Technical: Spinach contains vitamin E (2mg/100g), lutein and beta-carotene — all fat-soluble. A study showed that adding an egg (with 5g fat) to a raw vegetable salad increased vitamin E absorption by a factor of 4-7. The egg yolk creates a lipid emulsion serving as transport for these fat-soluble nutrients.

What does this mean for you? Always add an egg to your spinach salad or cook spinach with an egg. Without the egg fat you absorb up to 7x less vitamin E from the spinach.

Synergy
Eggs Eggs Tamari Tamari

Complete proteins + fermented amino acids for muscle building

Technical: Eggs contain all 9 essential amino acids with the highest PDCAAS score (1.0). Tamari (fermented soy) adds free amino acids and glutamate that activate protein digestion. Fermentation also makes soy proteins more absorbable.

What does this mean for you? Make tamagoyaki (Japanese omelet) with tamari, or fry eggs with a splash of tamari. The umami flavor enhances the dish and improves protein utilization.

Synergy
Eggs Eggs Spring Onion Spring Onion

Allyl sulfides + cysteine for glutathione production

Technical: Green onion contains allyl sulfides that induce glutathione S-transferase. Eggs provide 272mg cysteine per 100g — the rate-limiting precursor for glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Together they increase both production and utilization of glutathione, the body's main intracellular antioxidant.

What does this mean for you? Scrambled eggs or omelet with green onion is an ideal breakfast. Sulfur compounds from green onion activate glutathione S-transferase, while cysteine from eggs provides the building block for glutathione. Two ingredients, one biochemical system.

Synergy
Eggs Eggs Natto Natto

Vitamin K2 + D synergy for calcium metabolism

Technical: Natto is the richest food source of vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7, 1100μg/100g). Eggs provide vitamin D3 (82 IU per egg) and choline. K2 activates osteocalcin (which directs calcium to bones) and MGP (which keeps calcium out of blood vessels), but needs vitamin D to enable calcium absorption in the gut in the first place. Without D, K2 doesn't work optimally.

What does this mean for you? Eat natto with your egg breakfast — this is a traditional Japanese breakfast. The K2 directs calcium to your bones, while vitamin D from the eggs enables calcium absorption in the gut.

Synergy
Eggs Eggs Brazil Nuts Brazil Nuts

Complete thyroid support

Technical: Eggs provide tyrosine and iodine — building blocks for thyroid hormones T3 and T4. Brazil nuts are the richest natural source of selenium (1917μg/100g): just 2 nuts cover daily needs. Selenium activates the enzyme deiodinase that converts inactive T4 to active T3. Without selenium your thyroid can produce hormones but not activate them.

What does this mean for you? Eat 2 Brazil nuts with your morning egg. The egg provides the raw material, the Brazil nut the activator — together a complete thyroid breakfast.

Synergy
Eggs Eggs Red Bell Pepper Red Bell Pepper

Lutein + zeaxanthin from two sources with fat enhancement

Technical: Red pepper contains 1624μg lutein + zeaxanthin per 100g, eggs provide 353μg per yolk. Both carotenoids accumulate in the eye's macula and filter blue light. Egg yolk increases bioavailability of pepper's carotenoids by providing fats and phospholipids.

What does this mean for you? Make an omelet with red pepper for maximum lutein dose. The yolk not only contains its own lutein but also makes pepper's lutein more absorbable through its fats. Two sources, one fat matrix.

Complementary
Eggs Eggs Whole Wheat Buns Whole Wheat Buns

Complex carbs + complete protein for sustained energy

Technical: Whole grain rolls provide slow glucose from starch plus B-vitamins for energy metabolism. Eggs offer complete protein (6g per egg, PDCAAS 1.0) with all essential amino acids plus choline (147mg). The combination stabilizes blood sugar as protein modulates insulin response, while B-vitamins from both sources support mitochondrial energy metabolism.

What does this mean for you? An egg on whole grain bread is the perfect breakfast for stable energy all morning. The protein from the egg slows the absorption of carbohydrates from the bread.

Complementary
Eggs Eggs Seaweed Seaweed

Iodine + Tyrosine = building blocks for thyroid hormones

Technical: Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) are synthesized from two building blocks: iodine and the amino acid tyrosine. Seaweed is the richest natural source of iodine (nori: 16-43μg per sheet, kelp: up to 2500μg/g). Eggs provide 0.4g tyrosine per egg, plus selenium (15.4μg) essential for the enzymes that convert T4 to the more active T3. Good to know: iodine contributes to the normal production of thyroid hormones and normal thyroid function (EFSA-approved).

What does this mean for you? An egg breakfast with a sheet of nori gives your thyroid exactly the two building blocks it needs — iodine from the seaweed, tyrosine from the egg.

Recipes with Eggs

Discover delicious recipes featuring eggs:

Almond Cinnamon Cookies (Keto) 22 min Crispy cookies with almond flour and warm cinnamon, ready in 20 minutes 120 kcal 4g protein 1 synergies Almond Cinnamon Cookies with Coconut 22 min Crisp at the edges, soft inside 165 kcal 5g protein 2 synergies Avgolemono - Greek Lemon-Egg Soup with Chicken 40 min Velvety Greek soup with chicken, rice, lemon and egg 410 kcal 34g protein 3 synergies Avocado Toast with Egg and Spinach 15 min Nutritious toast with avocado, egg and spinach 520 kcal 20g protein 2 synergies Avocado Eggs with Roasted Broccoli 15 min Golden turmeric and crispy broccoli 365 kcal 16g protein 2 synergies Banana Pancakes with Nuts & Honey 25 min Fluffy oat pancakes with crunchy pecan nuts and golden honey 738 kcal 25g protein 2 synergies
In the Kitchen

Storage

Location:Refrigerator

Shelf life:3-5 weken (koelkast), test met watertest

Store eggs refrigerated, preferably point-side down. Freshness test: a very fresh egg sinks in water, while an older egg stands more upright or floats. Room-temperature eggs are easier to separate for baking.

Preparation

For many preparations, set white with a soft yolk works well: the texture stays creamy and the egg is heated enough for normal kitchen use. Avoid raw eggs unless you use pasteurized egg.

Time6-7 min (zacht gekookt), 10-12 min (hard gekookt) Tempkokend water

Conversions

60g= 1 piece

Substitutes

tofu 1 ei = 60g Vegan option for scrambled preparations; season with turmeric, black salt or chives for extra color and flavor.
lijnzaad 1 ei = 1 el + 3 el water As a binder in baking; mix ground flaxseed with water and let it gel briefly before adding.

Smart preparation

1Use room-temperature eggs for baking and cold eggs for poaching.

2Shock hard-boiled eggs immediately in ice water.

Why?

This stops the cooking process and makes peeling easier.

3Whisk egg whites in a grease-free bowl for maximum volume.

Why?

Even a trace of fat prevents egg white from becoming properly stiff.

4Add a splash of vinegar to poaching water for neater eggs.

Why?

Vinegar helps the white set faster around the yolk.

Caution / Warnings

Eggs is very safe, but there are scientific considerations:

Raw eggs and food safety Moderate

Raw or undercooked eggs can contain pathogens such as salmonella, especially relevant for vulnerable groups such as young children, older adults, pregnant people and people with reduced immunity.

Advice:

Preferably heat eggs until the white is set and use pasteurized egg for raw preparations. Store eggs refrigerated and prevent cross-contamination between shell, hands, utensils and other ingredients.

Egg allergy Severe

Egg allergy is a known food allergy, especially in children. Both white and yolk can contain allergenic proteins, and egg may also be present in baked goods, sauces, pasta or breaded products.

Advice:

Avoid egg and products containing egg if an allergy has been diagnosed. Check labels carefully and discuss reintroduction or tolerance only with a qualified healthcare professional.

Traditional use

Traditional Chinese Medicine

Eggs in Chinese food culture

In Chinese food culture, eggs are used in dishes such as tea eggs, steamed egg custard and festive red eggs. They often symbolize new beginnings, family and celebration.

Ayurveda

Eggs in Ayurvedic food culture

In Ayurvedic food culture, eggs are traditionally viewed as rich and filling food. They are often used in hearty meals and combined with spices, grains or vegetables depending on the meal context.

Summary

Eggs are a versatile kitchen staple: they provide protein with all essential amino acids and naturally contain choline, vitamin B12, vitamin D, iodine and selenium. The yolk carries much of the flavor, color and micronutrients; the white provides structure in omelets, baked goods and foams. Use them boiled, fried, poached or as a binder in doughs and sauces. Pair with vegetables, herbs and whole grains for a complete meal.

Scientific Sources [1] Zeisel, S. H., & da Costa, K. A. (2009) Choline: an essential nutrient for public health Nutrition Reviews Research on choline as an essential nutrient for public health Review PMID: 19906248 [2] Rong, Y., et al. (2013) Egg consumption and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies BMJ Research on egg consumption and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke Meta-analysis PMID: 23295181 [3] Vander Wal, J. S., et al. (2005) Short-term effect of eggs on satiety in overweight and obese subjects Journal of the American College of Nutrition Research on the short-term effect of eggs on satiety Human intervention PMID: 16373948 [4] Kim, J. E., et al. (2015) Effects of egg consumption on carotenoid absorption from co-consumed, raw vegetables The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Research on eggs and carotenoid absorption from raw vegetables Review PMID: 26016861

This information is intended for educational purposes and does not replace medical advice. Consult a doctor or dietitian for personal advice.